How Ikea Manages The Global Environment Essay - 1330 Words

Lesson MGT600 #2 Case Studies Ying Li International American University MGT 600: Organizational Theory Design David Johnson PhD July 10th, 2016 How IKEA Manages the Global Environment IKEA is the largest furniture chain in the world, and in 2011 the Swedish company operated over 270 stores in 25 countries. In 2011 IKEA sales soared to over $35 billion, or over 20% of the global furniture market. Most of its stuffs believed IKEA will massive growth throughout the world in the coming decade because IKEA could provide what customer wanted: good design, and good made contemporary furniture with an affordable price. In one word, IKEA’s global approach focuses on simplicity, attention to detail, cost consciousness, and responsiveness in every aspect of its operations and behavior. (Jones, 2013) IKEA’s Global approach focuses on the personal values and company’s belief, which is about how IKEA treat its employees and customers. Ingvar Kamprad, the founder of IKEA, tries to transfer his values and belief, which is operation in a no-frills, cost-conscious way to store managers and employees. And the most important is he wants that they are all in business â€Å"together†, by which he means that every person who works in his global empire plays an important role and has an duty to everyone else (Jones, 2013). Promotion, training, above-average pay, a generous store bonus system, and the personal well-being are good approach for a company which wants to enlarge theShow MoreRelatedIkea Essay777 Words   |  4 PagesList the various ways in which IKEA has managed its global environment over time. IKEA was founded by Ingvar Kamprad in 1943. Today IKEA is one of the largest furniture chains in the world with three hundred and fifteen stores operating in twenty seven countries. IKEA has managed its Global Environment in the three major ways which has contributed to its great success. These ways are as follows: 1. Ingvar Kamprad was able to identify the changing trend in consumer wants and adapted his productsRead MoreChapter 3 Ikea OT Case anaylsis Essay686 Words   |  3 PagesGraduate Studies Faculty of Business Organizational Theory (1601712) Semester: Fall 2014/2015 Student’s Name: Mohammad Bani Mustafa Student’s ID: 8141333 Case for Analysis: How IKEA manages the global Environment. Discussion Questions: Q1: List the various ways in which IKEA has managed the global environment over time. Company’s approach that focuses on Simplicity, attention to detail and cost consciousness which help in attracting customers and their needs and wishes and approach of responsiveRead MoreHeyy1303 Words   |  6 PagesHow different is different? IKEAs challenge to appeal to local tastes globally. Brief information about IKEA company. IKEA is a privately held, international home products company that designs and sells ready-to-assemble furniture such as beds, chairs, and desks, appliances and home accessories. The company is the worlds largest furniture retailer. Founded in 1943 by 17-year-old Ingvar Kamprad in Sweden, the company is named as an acronym comprising the initials of the founders name (IngvarRead MoreGlobal Business Environment: Interview With IKEAs Senior International Manager1139 Words   |  5 PagesRunning Head: GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVORINMENT Global Business Environment Interview Introduction The business personal interviewed for this paper is Mr. Jeff Anderson, who has been in the international business for more than a decade. Mr. Jeff is the senior International manager at IKEA and is working with IKEA since last 10 years. He often visits different countries that have IKEA stores; and has been to Europe, Middle East, North America, Australia and United Kingdom. IKEA is recognized asRead MoreIkea Case Study Analysis1117 Words   |  5 PagesIKEA- Case Study Political Risk Is the possibility that an unexpected and drastic change due to political forces will result in adverse circumstances for business operations. * 1998 the Russian Monetary policy finally collapsed-This caused a MACRO POLITICAL RISK for all companies operating in Russia, including foreign companies. * Due to this INTERNAL THREAT, all foreign companies left the country. IKEA also faced a political risk in Russia in terms of ORGANISED CRIME: Although developingRead MoreIkea677 Words   |  3 PagesHow is the IKEA operations design different from that of most furniture retail operations? IKEA is known as one of the world’s largest furniture retailer that focuses highly on cost control, operational process and product development. IKEA differentiates itself from most furniture retailers by offering a wide range of well designed array of home furniture at very attractive prices that remain affordable to a large group of diverse customers. There are some unique features of IKEA as comparedRead MoreSwot Analysis : A Swot1371 Words   |  6 Pagesused SWOT analysis can be used to plan a successful project that is able to sidestep particular problems successfully. It is sensible to go through the SWOT Analysis with your group in the infancy of project planning. SWOT allows a business to see how successful it will be. Companies are intrinsically inward looking and SWOTs allow a company to better understand what it does very well and what it doesn’t. SWOTs help a company evaluate their competition and get an awareness of the market fluctuationRead MoreIkea Research Paper1527 Words   |  7 PagesIKEA – Research Essay Introduction The purpose of this research essay is to update IKEA’s company status for the last six years, i.e. 2003 to 2009/2010. The IKEA vision â€Å"to create a better everyday life for the many people† is at the heart of its business, in collaboration with the IKEA business Idea â€Å"to offer a wide range of well designed, functional products at low prices.† IKEA, a Swedish home furnishings retailer, is known today as the world’s largest designer and retailer of inexpensive, functionalRead MoreExplain How Each Sector of Industry Is Linked Together Within a Supply Chain?835 Words   |  4 PagesExplain how each sector of industry is linked together within a supply chain? In todays world, supply chain management (SCM) is a key strategic factor for increasing organizational effectiveness and for better realization of organizational goals such as enhanced competitiveness, better customer care and increased profitability. Today, most of the enterprises of a supply chain operate independently. For example, marketing, distribution, production planning, manufacturing, and the purchasing organizationsRead MoreSwot Analysis : Bcg Matrix1565 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscusses how stable the market in which the company performs its operations is. Risk of the industry, inflation, barriers to enter the market are being considered. The more stable one is the more favourable is for the company to operate in it. Once everything is evaluated and scored, average score is calculated resulting in a type of strategy for the company to follow: conservative, aggressive, defensive and competitive. 2.1 internal organisational Audit An organisational analysis which IKEA carried

Theu.s. Labor Struggles During The Gilded Age - 1649 Words

U.S. LABOUR STRUGGLES IN THE GILDED AGE Introduction In the United States history, the Gilded Age was the period in the late 19th century where the country experienced rapid economic growth. During this period, the U.S. became one of the leading industrial nations. It was able to build a powerful navy that dominated the world and acquired the enormous overseas empire. The Gilded Age was also a very important time in the labour history of the United States. It was a period of horrible labour violence between industrialists and workers who fought over various labour issues such as wages and control of the workplace. At this time, workers organised themselves to form the first and largest labour union of the time – the American Labour Union. Even after the workers formed this union, the employers were determined to end the union hence causing a lot of conflicts. One of the highlights of the labour struggles in the Gilded Age was the Pullman strike of 1893. This strike had dire consequences for both the workers and the employers. Ma ny were killed, others injured and the leaders of the union imprisoned for contempt of court. This paper shall look into some of the reasons why the workers found it difficult to achieve economic and political power and how their activism was limited. Ultimately, the strict control by capitalists and government limited the workers ability to fight successfully for better terms of employment. Consequences of the Pullman Strike The industrialists inShow MoreRelatedTheu.s. Labor Struggles During The Gilded Age1654 Words   |  7 Pages U.S. LABOUR STRUGGLES IN THE GILDED AGE Student`s name Course number Date Introduction In the United States history, the Gilded Age was the period in the late 19th century where the country experienced rapid economic growth. During this period, the U.S. became one of the leading industrial nations. It was able to build a powerful navy that dominated the world and acquired the enormous overseas empire. The Gilded Age was also a very important time in the labour history of the United States

Feudalism In France Essay Example For Students

Feudalism In France Essay FranceIntroductionFrance, which is the largest nationin Western Europe, is a presidential republic. France is a very importantnation in Europe and it continues to be involved in contemporary policyissues. Helping the world as one of the great trading nations, Franceis a very important trading partner with the United States. Not onlyis France important to the United States, they are also important to countriesall over the world. Their abundance of both mineral and agriculturalresources make them a very important supplier of products all over theworld. I chose to report on France because it is an interesting countyand I wanted to learn more about it. GeographyFrance is located in Western Europeand has an area of approximately 211,000 square miles. Along withbeing the capital, Paris is also the largest city in France. Spainborders France in the south, Italy and Switzerland in the east, and Germany,Luxembourg, and Belgium in the northeast. The French Alps are locatedin the east where snow capped peaks, such as Mont. Blanc reach heightsof 15,781 feet. About one-half of Frances total border is formedby coastline, with the Mediterranean Sea on the Southeast and the Atlanticand the English Channel on the west and northwest. Many rivers andcanals run through France forming a vast network, tying different regionsand cities together. The Seine is the countrys largest navigableriver. It flows northwest from eastern France through the city ofParis, and empties into the channel at Le Harre. The Rhone Riveris the largest in the country in terms of volume of discharge. Alongwith its tributaries, it drains the French Alpine region. AlthoughFran ce has many rivers, it only has a few lakes. One of the lakesin France is Lake Geneva (also known as Lake Leman), but in lies mainlyin Switzerland. France is richly endowed with anexcellent balance of both mineral and agricultural resources. Thenation produces substantial amounts of iron ore. In addition, Francehas sizable deposits of antimony magnesium, pyrites, tungsten, salt, potash,radioactive materials, lead and zinc. Coal mining has decreased significantlysince the 1960s, as many mines have been depleted and are now closed. Currently, the production of natural gas and sulfur is being developed. HistoryFrance has one of the most complete recordsof human history in all of Europe. Archaeologists have uncoveredartifacts that are more than 100,000 years old. During the 16th century, Protestantismspread across France leading to a number of religious and civil wars. The wars between the Protestants and the Roman Catholics resulted in themassacre of some 3,000 Protestants in Paris on the eve of St. BartholomewsDay in 1572. The statecraft of such royal advisers as the cardinalsRichelieu and Mazarin helped France in becoming the greatest power in Europeduring the 17th century. Unfortunately, defeats in a series of costlyforeign wars during the 18th century caused France to loose many of theiroverseas territories, and brought the country near bankruptcy. In1789 revolution toppled the King, Louis XVI, and proclaimed the rightsof man. The French Revolution took a bloody turn and ended in a weakgovernment of five directors. France soon fell into the hands ofNapoleon Bonaparte, who ruled from 1799-1814, first as consul, then asemperor. Napoleons far fetched military ventures ended in 1815 withhis downfall. A limited monarchy was restored and, with the exceptionof a brief republican period (1848-52), brought about the creation of theThird Republic. After WWI, a resistance movementknown as Free France was organized in Britain under the leadership of GeneralCharles de Gaulle. Allied and Free French forces liberated Francein 1944. Parliamentary democracy was restored to France under theFourth Republic. Another costly war against nationalist guerrillasin Algeria and other French colonies during the 1950s brought an end tothe Fourth Republic. In 1958, Gaulle returned as president of theFifth Republic. In 1981, France elected its first Socialist president,Francois Mitterand, who served 2 terms until 1995. Frances currentpresident, elected in 1995, is Jacques Chirac. .u454158f8edba826c0f4699b27ac4474d , .u454158f8edba826c0f4699b27ac4474d .postImageUrl , .u454158f8edba826c0f4699b27ac4474d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u454158f8edba826c0f4699b27ac4474d , .u454158f8edba826c0f4699b27ac4474d:hover , .u454158f8edba826c0f4699b27ac4474d:visited , .u454158f8edba826c0f4699b27ac4474d:active { border:0!important; } .u454158f8edba826c0f4699b27ac4474d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u454158f8edba826c0f4699b27ac4474d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u454158f8edba826c0f4699b27ac4474d:active , .u454158f8edba826c0f4699b27ac4474d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u454158f8edba826c0f4699b27ac4474d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u454158f8edba826c0f4699b27ac4474d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u454158f8edba826c0f4699b27ac4474d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u454158f8edba826c0f4699b27ac4474d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u454158f8edba826c0f4699b27ac4474d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u454158f8edba826c0f4699b27ac4474d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u454158f8edba826c0f4699b27ac4474d .u454158f8edba826c0f4699b27ac4474d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u454158f8edba826c0f4699b27ac4474d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Socrates and Maintaining a Harmony What is Right a EssayPeopleOne of the things that make France sounique is the people that live there. Due to the current concernswith making money and being successful, more people are working in Francethan ever before. Great emphasis is being put on efficiency. Some say that France has been Americanized. This is because the UnitedStates is a world symbol of the technological society and its consumerproducts. Since the 1940s, the French populationhas been growing at a rapid rate. The most recent estimate of Francespopulation is 58,804,944 people. This averages out

Slavery Essays (558 words) - Slavery, Abuse, Crimes Against Humanity

Slavery The issue of slavery has been touched upon often in the course of history. The institution of slavery was addressed by French intellectuals during the Enlightenment. Later, during the French Revolution, the National Assembly issued the Declaration of the Rights of Man, which declared the equality of all men. Issues were raised concerning the application of this statement to the French colonies in the West Indies, which used slaves to work the land. As they had different interests in mind, the philosophes, slave owners, and political leaders took opposing views on the interpretation of universal equality. Many of the philosophes, the leaders of the Enlightenment, were against slavery. They held that all people had a natural dignity that should be recognized. Voltaire, an 18th century philosophe, pointed out that hundreds of thousands of slaves were sacrificing their lives just so the Europeans could quell their new taste for sugar, tea and cocoa. A similar view was taken by Rousseau, who stated that he could not bear to watch his fellow human beings be changed to beasts for the service of others. Religion entered into the equation when Diderot, author of the Encyclopedia, brought up the fact that the Christian religion was fundamentally opposed to Black slavery but employed it anyway in order to work the plantations that financed their countries. All in all, those influenced by the ideals of the Enlightenment, equality, liberty, the right to dignity, tended to oppose the idea of slavery. Differing from the philosophes, the political leaders and property owners tended to see slavery as an element that supported the economy. These people believed that if slavery and the slave trade were to be abolished, the French would lose their colonies, commerce would collapse and as a result the merchant marine, agriculture and the arts would decline. Their worries were somewhat merited; by 1792 French ships were delivering up to 38,000 slaves and this trade brought in 200 million livres a year. These people had economic incentives to support slavery, however others were simply ignorant. One man, Raynal, said that white people were incapable of working in the hot sun and blacks were much better suited to toil and labor in the intense heat. Having a similar view to Raynal, one property owner stated that tearing the blacks from the only homes they knew was actually humane. Though they had to work without pay, this man said slave traders were doing the blacks a favor by placing them in the French colonies where they could live without fear for tomorrow. All of these people felt that the Declaration of the Rights of Man did not pertain to black people or their descendants. All people were not ignorant, however. There was even a group of people who held surprisingly modern views on slavery; views some people haven't even accepted today. In his Reflections on Black People, Olympe de Gouges wondered why blacks were enslaved. He said that the color of people's skin suggests only a slight difference. The beauty of nature lies in the fact that all is varied. Another man, Jacques Necker, told people that one day they would realize the error of their ways and notice that all people have the same capacity to think and suffer. The slavery issue was a topic of debate among the people of France. The views of the people, based on enlightenment, the welfare of the country or plain ignorance were tossed around for several more years until the issue was finally resolved. In the end the philosophes, with their liberated ideas, won out and slavery was abolished.

Criminal Justice Essay Writing Guide

Criminal Justice Essay Writing Guide Criminal Justice is an academic discipline that is very interesting for many learners across the world.   Enrollment in the field of criminal justice studies has significantly been increasing over the past years. More students are evidently finding interest in studying crime. One of the most important activities students learn in the course of their criminal justice program is essay writing.   The criminal justice course is focused on developing an all-around individual who has both practical and theoretical skills to combat crime and bring justice. However, you cannot attain this objective if you are not armed with effective essay writing skills. Proficiency in essay writing helps criminal justice students to develop effective reports in police, corrections, parole, probation, and social work services. Good reporting, communication and documentation are also necessary in creating case notes, miscellaneous court documents, victim advocate reports, press releases, op-ed essays, grant applications and others.   Essay writing is the cornerstone of contemporary practice in the field of criminology. Writing a criminal justice essay may be very hectic for students. Most students often prefer a one-sided learning method. This involves acquiring concepts from the instructors but not reproducing the learned information through writing. This is an easy way of learning. However, it is not possible for the instructor to assess the extent to which the learning has influenced the students. Writing a criminal justice essay can be fun if different considerations and tips are put in place. The first aspect of the topic they are expected to write about. Besides proficiency in writing and the skills in written communication, the instructor is also testing relevance or adherence to the subject matter. How to Choose a Topic for an Essay in Criminal Justice Criminal justice is a wide discipline with a broad range of topics.   Depending on the area of focus, you are expected to select the most suitable topic that addresses the objectives they have. First, it is important to point out that instructors can present questions that they require the students to discuss. You may be expected to choose their own topics in some cases. The most important thing is to understand what the instructor needs and fine-tune your writing in a way that meets the objectives. In case the topic is not given, you should consider the following issues before they begin writing their essay: Tune to the History Channel: It is important to explore the historical aspect of the criminal justice issue one wants to write about before commencing. Taking a past case and critically examining it might do the trick. A good essay writer does not go â€Å"blind.† You must create a strong starting point. The historical cases might present an intriguing way of developing the topic for the essay. Research, do not just google: The easy way out is to connect to the internet and google. This might not work out for you in criminal justice essays. It is important to take time and research crime stories, cases, even biographies. This activity provides an important insight into the criminal justice world. Stay Factual: Criminal justice and law are closely related in the sense that they all deal with facts. Any small error can lead to a huge impact. It is important to stick to facts even when developing topics. It is advisable that one plays the lawyer when reviewing the cases and stories. Consider both sides of the story and draw an informed conclusion. In addition, one should try to be fair to the reader by presenting both sides of the story in the topic. Topic Breakdown: An essay topic should be designed in a way that grabs the attention of the reader. This can be down by breaking down the topic into subheadings and points. Crime is an emotional subject that triggers the feelings of the readers. It is important to keep a patterned connection between the reader’s feelings and the criminal issue. Relevance: A topic that one chooses should be current and top-of-mind. It should attempt to address a problem that is experienced in the contemporary society. Some of the relevant topics one can discuss in a criminology paper include: Police brutality Racial profiling in the criminal justice system The death penalty Extradition of criminals Impeachment It is up to you to understand the instruction requirements and appropriately choose the topic that is most suitable. Once you have chosen a good topic, you should proceed to the pre-writing preparation stage. Pre-Writing Tips Even with a clear prompt and a grasp of a sea of ideas, writing an essay can be very challenging. Before you begin to write a criminal justice essay, it is important that you consider the following issues: Review the allocated time: Every essay comes with specific instructions including the amount of time allocated. Some instructors may allocate weeks or even months for relatively small essays. Others may instruct that the essays are written and submitted the same day. It is important to evaluate the allocated time and no exactly the level of urgency. This will help plan the proceeding steps. For instance, a two-page essay that is needed in two weeks gives enough time for thorough research, drafting and proofreading. CAUTION!   Long deadlines should not translate to laziness. Rather, they should help in ensuring thoroughness. Brainstorming: This technique involves randomly noting down the ideas as they come. While brainstorming, one should understand that there is no such thing as â€Å"bad idea. Everything that comes to the mind should be noted down. Writing in the brainstorming stage does not have to be formal. The primary objective in this activity is to develop a wider perspective on the topic. Example:   While brainstorming on death penalty, the following ideas can cross the mind: human rights, the aim of punishment, justice to the victims, ethical implications, and religion among others. Free-writing: Although it is related to brainstorming, free writing uses formal sentences as opposed to creating a list of ideas. However, you should not be worried about writing mechanics such as punctuation, grammar and the like. The aim is to note down ideas as they come in sentences. In addition, it is important to avoid censoring ideas. You should write freely and openly. The image shown in Criminal Justice Essay (1) illustrates the aspects of free-writing: Example: Free-writing on the death penalty: I believe no one, not even the state should be granted the right to take another person’s life. I also think killing criminals implies the government would be destroying the only evidence that â€Å"crime does not pay†. How will children learn that criminals suffer? Mind-Mapping: Just like free-writing and brainstorming, mind-mapping involves taking an inventory of ideas that relate to the chosen topic. However, this strategy involves developing a central word and generating â€Å"sub-words† from it (Elbow, 2008). The ideas are developed in a manner that answer the central question in the topic as shown in Criminal Justice Essay (2) Asking Questions: It is possible that all the strategies listed above may not work for some students especially if they do not have any idea about the topic. When confronted with such a case, a solution can be found through question-asking technique. This involves asking questions that relate to the topic in order to gain an insight. You should endeavor to contemplate answers to the questions that you ask. The trick is to have as many questions as possible to help you get started (Baroudy, 2008). You generate many ideas and thoughts on the topic through asking questions. Example: How does death penalty relates to my studies? Why would the government execute its own citizens? Isn’t death penalty an ethical/ moral issue? Exploration of Terminologies and Concepts in Criminal Justice Writing a criminal justice essay paper may be significantly different from any other essay writing. The terms and concepts used may have different meanings in the common language. It is important to consider the common concepts and terms before you begin writing. Some of the common concepts and terminologies you will encounter include: Crime: An action or omission that violates the penal code. It is punishable by fine or imprisonment or sanction. Criminal intent: A provable motivates to violate the law. Felony: A serious crime that is punishable by over one-year imprisonment (Roberts, 2018). Evidence: A legal proof or omission or action. Crime scene:   An environment where a crime is suspected to have occurred. It is important to note that these are just but a few of the many terms used in criminal justice essays. The student should take time and explore some of those that apply to their essays. The Ultimate Writing of a Criminal Justice Paper After you have collected all, the necessary information from diverse databases, one should begin writing. The first step involves developing a format ad an outline. You may have the information but your essay will be meaningless if the ideas are not properly arranged.   A criminal justice essay paper uses the same structure as in other disciplines. It begins with the introduction, proceeds to the body and ends at the conclusion. Introduction This is the part where you explore the topic in a rather general fashion. You present background information on the problem, its prevalence and the impact it has created on the selected population. As previously indicated, some criminal justice essays may require students to argue and counter argue on given topic. Regardless of the topic, a criminal justice essay must begin with the introduction. You should attempt to let the reader understand the issue you are arguing about by providing a brief overview. You do not want to spend half of your paper explaining to the reader about the topic. To avoid such, be concise and relevant. Do not gather and present a lot of unnecessary information that add no value to the paper. Create a positive impression in the introduction. Tip: Make it concise and relevant! Main Body This is the heart of the paper. It is what earns you points. You would want to showcase your ingenuity, positive writing skills and extensive understanding of the topic in this part. The first consideration that one must make relates to paragraphing. As previously stated, it is pointless to spend time gathering ideas only to aimlessly throw them on the paper. You must organize your ideas in a way that allows for fluency and coherence. The paragraphs you choose for your criminal justice essay should be between 100 and 150 words. This allows the reader to follow the ideas you are putting across. Students are often tempted to write extremely large paragraphs to justify they have mastered the content or concept. The positive gesture much appreciated. However, it may bring more harm than good to your paper. The readers may get lost along the way trying to understand your ideas. If you want to write a good essay, avoid the temptation of long paragraphs and lengthy sentences. You should also not forget to begin each paragraph with the topic sentence. It is the main idea that you intend to support through different arguments. Moreover, â€Å"equality before the law† applies in every criminal justice paper. Try to present both sides of the argument in the main body. It is advisable that you consider arguments and counterarguments when compiling your information for a criminal justice system. For instance, when arguing about the death penalty, do not restrict yourself to the perspectives that support it. Also, present the arguments of those who oppose the policy. This creates the impression that you are an objective law-enforcer. Tip: Let the Main Body Speak for You! Conclusion This is the part where you summarize the contents you have written from the introduction to the main body. Recap on the main ideas and state your position on the topic. You need to restate the thesis and explain if it is justified. When You are Done Writing: Criminal Justice Essay Tips from Our Writers When you are done writing, proofread! Read over and over again to ascertain that the ideas you intended to put on the paper are exactly as you desired. You may put your essay paper away for a moment after you are done writing and grab a cup of coffee before you begin proofreading. The intention is to refresh your mind. Some of the proofreading techniques you may use include: Keep the work away for some time until your mind refreshes. The time you take for this activity depends on the deadline; Subdivide the proofreading sessions. You may go through the introduction part in the morning and the body in the evening; You may ask a third party to review your paper to check if it is error-free.

James Polk 11th President Facts

James Polk 11th President Facts James K. Polk (1795-1849) served as Americas eleventh president. He was known as the dark horse as he was not expected to beat his opponent, Henry Clay. He served as president during a period of manifest destiny, overseeing the Mexican War and the entry of Texas as a state.   ere is a quick list of fast facts for James Polk. For more in depth information, you can also read the James Polk Biography.   Birth: November 2, 1795 Death: June 15, 1849 Term of Office: March 4, 1845-March 3, 1849 Number of Terms Elected: 1 Term First Lady: Sarah Childress James Polk Quote: No President who performs his duties faithfully and conscientiously can have any leisure.Additional James Polk Quotes Major Events While in Office: Oregon Treaty (1846) Mexican War (1846-1848) States Entering Union While in Office: Texas (1845) Iowa (1846)Wisconsin (1848) Significance:   James K. Polk increased the size of the US more than any other president other that Thomas Jefferson due to the acquisition of New Mexico and California after the   Mexican-American War. He also completed a treaty with England that resulted in the US gaining the  Oregon Territory. He was an  effective chief executive during the  Mexican-American War. Historians consider him to be the best one-term president. Related James Polk Resources: These additional resources on James Polk can provide you with further information about the president and his times. James Polk BiographyTake a more in depth look at the Eleventh president of the United States through this biography. Youll learn about his childhood, family, early career, and the major events of his administration. Chart of Presidents and Vice PresidentsThis informative chart gives quick reference information on the Presidents, Vice-Presidents, their terms of office and their political parties. Other Presidential Fast Facts: John TylerZachary TaylorList of American Presidents

Research Methods in the Social Sciences Assignment - 6

Research Methods in the Social Sciences - Assignment Example The researcher critically analyses the advantages and disadvantages of the already conducted researches. Research Procedure: Chapter IV describes the research procedure, in which variables, concepts, universe, sampling and pre-testing etc are examined. The researcher argues in favor of his decision for choosing the universe and tool for data collection etc. Research Findings: In chapter V, the researcher describes in a detailed manner the findings of the research procedure, which are generally presented in tabular and graphic forms. Hence, the chapter is the interpretation of research findings. Summary: Sixty and final chapter is the summary of the entire research work, which also presents conclusion on the basis of research findings. The chapter also made valuable suggestions for the future studies at large. Literature review is considered to be the most imperative chapter of a research process, which actually explains the parameters of the present study by interlinking it to the previous studies have already been made on same or similar topics. Literature review critically examines the previous studies and evaluates their advantages and drawbacks as well. Literature review, according to Bourner , is highly significant for identifying gaps in the literature, to avoid reinventing the wheel , to carry on from where others have already reached, to identify other people working in the same fields, to increase your breadth of knowledge of your subject area, to identify seminal works in your area and to provide the intellectual context for your own work, enabling you to position your project relative to other work. (1996:22) Hence, literature review maintains great significance in its fold by covering various aspects being applied in the new study while conducting the entire work. Relevant li terature and studies must be analysed in a critical manner by highlighting both negative and positive aspects rather

INTRODUCTION TO MARKETING AND ADVERTISING Assignment

INTRODUCTION TO MARKETING AND ADVERTISING - Assignment Example Promotion involves two way communications that occurs between the seller and the customer. Advertising involves the use of messages that can inform, persuade and remind customers on the products been sold. Advertising and promotions has many techniques that can be used to achieve the required goals. Different media can be used depending of the budget, marketing objectives and the target market. When one want to market a new model car that is environmentally clean, there are many types of media that be used to advertise this model. People would like to have cars that are environmentally clean because the whole world is trying to reduce global warming. Therefore, coming up with a new car that has less effects on the environment will have to be marketed using the best ways. This hybrid car can be advertised using different media that will ensure that people locally and worldwide are aware of this car. Cars need to be advertised globally since not all countries can manufacture cars. This hybrid car can be advertised locally using television. Television has always been one of the best ways for ads. This is because many people like watching television programs. However, to advertise this car, program that is loved by many people in the country should be considered. This is because large population will be persuaded by the advert. The advert should during the short commercial breaks that take place as the television program is taking place (Schmidt & Kess, 1986 pp.45). During this time, the manufacturer is able to reach the largest population who are watching the television channel. Despite the fact that the advert will be very expensive, it is a guarantee that very large population will aware of the car. The hybrid car can also be marketed through some motor shows. Many people normally attend motor shows. These people are always interested in the new cars that are in the current market. Therefore, manufacturer of the car should ensure that his or her model is feature d during the motor show. Digital marketing can also be used to advertise this hybrid car. This involves the use of social networks like Facebook, twitter, YouTube and blogs. Due to the fact that many social networks have very large world population that access them, this media can be best one in advertising the hybrid car. Pictures of this car should appear in these websites and the links to the original website of the car should be provided. This marketing can be expensive but it reaches very large population both locally and globally (Cairns, 2010 pp.23). To market a car like Mercedes, many types of media have to be used to ensure target market is reached. One of the media that can be used is the television. This media is appropriate because it ensures that large population is reach. Exhibitions can also be used to market this model. People interested in this car will come to enquire on some features of the car. Their interests of buying this car will rise after the exhibitions. T his model can also be marketed through social media like designing its website, use of Facebook and YouTube. The manufacture will be sure that very large population will be reached. This increases marketing of this car brand (Cairns, 2010 pp.29). For a small restaurant that had closed down to re-open, it has to use some promotions to ensure that they gain more customers. These promotions can be advertised using

Islam and Christian Traditions Essay Example for Free

Islam and Christian Traditions Essay Christianity and Islam see recurring themes in beliefs and practices. They share stories from past prophets that declare they know the word of God. God tells prophets about a time before earth and gives them knowledge to spread to man. Life holds sanctity that is not for man to wander and do as their physical bodies might allow. Both Islam and Christian traditions make examples and tell the history of how God desires man to live. There are foretellings of vast destruction when man lives among evils and sin. Muslims say that, like God, Allah will see and end of man and will only accept the faithful into paradise. Traditions of Christianity and Islam can relate to each other by commemorating a higher power as known as God. The higher power in Christianity is known as God, while the higher power in Islamic traditions is known as Allah. In Islamic traditions, Allah shouldnt be confused with the God known in Christianity because the word Allah is translated as the God in Arabic. Christian and Islamic traditions have cosmogony, eschatology, afterlife, moral codes, and duties that serve the purpose in their existence. Both Islamic and Christian traditions will see some similarities and recurring prophecies that exist in their practices. Christian traditions and cosmogony can be found in the Bible. The Bible is many stories that contains passages from prophets of God and is compiled of several books. The book of genesis describes how God created the universe. He made light, darkness, heaven, earth, fruits and vegetables. On the fifth and sixth day of the week to create the universe and earth, God made beasts and made man that resembles the appearance of God. Genesis 1:29 said to man, I give you every seed-bearing plant on the face of the whole earth and every tree that has fruit with seed in it. They will be yours for food (BibleGateway, 2011). God warns Adam and Eve, the first of all mankind, that there is forbidden fruit that cannot be touched. Genesis 3:3 says, But of the fruit of the tree which is in the midst of the garden, God hath said, Ye shall not eat of it neither shall ye touch it, lest ye die (King James Bible Online, 2013). When Adam and Eve consumed the forbidden fruit despite Gods warning, Adam and Eve were cursed by God to multiply the earth. Eve, the first woman, was created by God to provide Adam, the first of all man, companionship. It was in her mistake that Adam fell under temptation to then be commanded by God to take power of beasts and man to begin the teachings of God on earth. Prophets of God taught man to obey commandments in order to be prepared for the end of the world. Prophets, pastors, preachers, or bishops in Christian sects will preach the gospel of the Bible that predict when Christ will return to earth and reach final days before heaven. Most interpretations of the Bible explain how there is good and evil; Evil will cause suffering for mankind. Christians believe that Christ will return and save those who are faithful to God when there is a final judgment of man. Matthew 24:14 reads, And this gospel of the kingdom shall be preached in the whole world for a witness to all the nations, and then the end shall come (Christian Bible Reference, n.d.). Evil will be taught through deception, so God will need true believers. There will be a place in heaven for Christians to live with God after their trial on earth. Man will be accepted into heaven if he upholds morals and duties that Christians are taught. Many Christians believe that heaven is a place on earth. The book of Luke (21:32-33) reads, Truly I say to you, this generation will not pass away, till all be fulfilled. Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will not pass away (King James Bible Online, n.d.). In heaven there will once be so much evil that the wicked will overpower the good through violent wars. Like earth, God will create a new heaven for the blessed people. Heaven will be free from evil for many years until its end of days only through destruction and misery upon its holy place. In heaven killing is much of a sin as earth. God commands man not to sin such as killing, adultery, worshiping idols, and stealing among other things. If man upholds these morals and duties, he will be accepted to heaven when salvation comes. Traditions in Islam are similar religious practices that are commemorated through the Quran and are told how the earth and man were created. Like Christians, Muslims believe that Allah, or the God, created a heaven, a world, and the universe with all materials in it that are living or not. The book of Surat Al-Baqarah (2:29), in the Quran, reads, It is he who created for you all of that which is on the earth. Then he directed himself to the heaven, (his being above all creation), and made them seven heavens, and he is knowing of all things (Quran, n.d.). Islamic traditions began when the prophet Muhammad spoke with Allah. Allah told Muhammad of the creation of the first man on earth, who is known as Adam, who had a female companion. Allah also told Muhammad how Adam ate the forbidden fruit when he was restricted not to do so. Muslims eschatology tells how there will be an evil presence who will be violent and cause destruction. There is also an afterlife of heaven and hell as Christians believe. Although the evil are wicked, they too will be brought to heaven and see a final judgment from Allah. And as for those who disbelieves, I will punish them with a severe punishment in this world and the hereafter, and they will have no helpers (Quran, n.d.). Islamic traditions say how there will be an end of time. There will be warnings from Allah on earth. An antichrist will appear before the last day who will be cruel to man. Followers of the antichrist and the unbelievers of Allah may never reach heaven. Heaven will be a paradise that the Quran describes, No empty talk will they hear there, nor any call to sin, but only the tiding of inner soundness and peace (Religious Tolerance, 2005). Morals and duties are important to Muslims in order to avoid sin and reach heaven. Allah tells prophets of his commandments so that man will be holy and plentiful. The ones who break the covenant of Allah even after its (binding) compact and cut (off) what Allah has commanded to be held together and corrupt in the earth, those are they (who are) the losers (Quran, n.d.). Allah tells man not to steal, murder, disobey parents, covet, or commit adultery among other things. When man disobeys Allah, they are expected to know sin from righteousness and should repent for forgiveness. ..Except for those who repent after that and correct themselves. For indeed, Allah is forgiving and merciful (Quran, n.d.). The man who doesnt repent may be a sinner for life and will be questioned on judgment day. The Islam and Christian traditions both believe in a God that share similar interests for mankind. God and Allah teach man how they can return to heaven after their days on earth after Adam and Eves tribulations. Prophets will spread the knowledge to man from God as a lesson not to fail under certain temptations and have faith in God to live in paradise with him one day. After time, the rise of evil is bound to cause awfulness when man turns to disobedience and non believing even during a salvation. Heaven will be free from sin and man can live in a peaceful place until it is once again ruined by tribulations. God will continue to confide with man in order for glory to persevere.

Solids, Liquids, and Gases :: essays research papers

Solids, liquids, and gases are the three main, or fundamental phases of matter. Each one has a different density and a different level of stability. What determines the stability of each phase is the bond between it's atoms. The tighter the bond between it's atoms the more stable that phase of matter is. Solids are the most stable form of matter, followed by liquids, and then gases. Solids have a definite shape and do not take the shape of their container. Liquids do not have any definite shape and do take the shape of their container, the same is true with gases. Once again it is the bond between the atoms of liquids, and gases that make it have no definite shape. The first phase of matter is solids. Solids are the most stable form of matter. Solids are more stable than liquids and gases. One type of solid is a Crystalline solid. The particles in a crystalline solid have a regular repeating pattern. The types of crystalline solids are metals, alloys, salts, valence crystals, molecular crystals, polymers, and plastics. Most elementscrystalize as metals. Some solids can also be frozen liquids. The atoms in a solid are tightly bonded which means it has a definiteshape. The second phase of matter is liquids. Liquids have no definite shape. Liquids are less orderly than solids but more orderly than gases. Liquids can flow very easily. Liquids also take the shape of their container. Most liquids are very good conductors. Most liquids are also good solvents. Some solids float in liquids depending on their density. If the solid is less dense than the liquid then it floats on the liquids surface. If the solid is more dense than the liquid then it sinks in the liquids. For example an egg normally sinks in water because it's density is higher than water's density. When you add salt to the water the density of the water becomes higher than the egg's density so the egg floats. The third and final fundamental phase of matter is gas. Gases are the least orderly of the three phases of matter. Gases take the shape of their container because of the very weak bond between their atoms. Gases are also very low in density. The average gas is 1000 times less than that of the average liquid. The volume of gas varies with many things including temperature and pressure. These are explained in Charles's and Boyle's laws. Boyle's law states that the volume of gas varies indefinitely with the pressure applied to it.

Cyber Security Essay

President Obama has declared that the â€Å"cyber threat is one of the most serious economic and national security challenges we face as a nation†¦ America’s economic prosperity in the 21st century will depend on cyber security.† So why is it that so many people still don’t know some of the basic ways that produce cyber threats? The purpose of this paper is to name some of the more basic cyber threats. Even though it is just the beginning to the hazards you can obtain, they are highly effective because of the number of people that still allow these kinds of breaches. First and foremost are viruses. According to cknow.com, â€Å"There were over 50,000 computer viruses in 2000 and that number was then and still is growing rapidly. Sophos, in a print ad in June 2005 claims â€Å"over 103,000 viruses.† And, Symantec, in April 2008 is reported to have claimed the number is over one million.† With so many different viruses out there, how do you know what to look for and how to protect your cyber world from viruses? Some of the most common viruses that effect people are Trojans and Net Bots. PCmag.com defines a Trojan as â€Å"A program that appears legitimate, but performs some illicit activity when it is run. It may be used to locate password information or make the system more vulnerable to future entry or simply destroy programs or data on the hard disk. A Trojan is similar to a virus, except that it does not replicate itself. It stays in the computer doing its damage or allowing somebody from a remote site to take control of the computer. Trojans often sneak in attached to a free game or other utility.† To add to their definition, it can also be affixed to an email attachment or the email itself. So now that you know what it is you’re probably thinking so what can I do to protect myself from obtaining this virus? The best thing to do would be to educate yourself about this threat. Know what they look like and common websites they reside. The next thing that to do is to be sure to always have an up to date WELL KNOWN antivirus such as Sophos, McAfee, or Norton. The well known part is very important because some of the smaller antivirus companies are part of the reason there are so many Trojans out there. Once you get some antivirus software you need to be sure to keep it up to date. Also, don’t open emails from senders that you don’t recognize. Several of the Trojans out there that get circulated by email come from people opening emails from unknown senders. The next one is botnets. http://searchsecurity.techtarget.com says â€Å"A botnet (also known as a zombie army) is a number of Internet computers that, although their owners are unaware of it, have been set up to forward transmissions (including spam or viruses) to other computers on the Internet. Any such computer is referred to as a zombie – in effect, a computer â€Å"robot† or â€Å"bot† that serves the wishes of some master spam or virus originator. Most computers compromised in this way are home-based. According to a report from Russian-based Ka spersky Labs, botnets — not spam, viruses, or worms — currently pose the biggest threat to the Internet.† Trojans are the major way that you can get one of these viruses. So it is important that you again get antivirus software, keep it up to date, and don’t open emails from unknown senders. However, with this virus you can get it just from going to a questionable web site. So how do you know what ones are good and what ones are questionable? Well that you can for the most part guess using these deciding factors: Are there several java applications on the web page? Is there a lot of download able content? Are there pop up advertisements that come up on the page? Then you probably should do your best to stay away from the page. In case you are unsure, some antivirus software are now including a trusted and untrusted feature so when you search a site it will let you know if the page is safe or proceed at your own risk. If your antivirus does not have such a feature then there are some applications out there that will do the same thing just to name one would be WOT or Web of Trust. The next issue is a little more targeted to the business world. It deals more with their emails and correspondence but can also be directed to an average internet user. It is phishing. Webroot.com expounds â€Å"Email Phishing scams are carried out online by tech-savvy con artists and identity theft criminals. They use spam, fake websites constructed to look identical to a real sites, email and instant messages to trick you into divulging sensitive information, like bank account passwords and credit card numbers. Once you take the phisher’s bait, they can use the information to create fake accounts in your name, ruin your credit, and steal your money or even your identity.† This is a serious issue that takes some skill to recognize to evade taking the phisher’s bait. First and foremost is to educate yourself on phishing attacks or scams. Know what it looks like. There are many resources that you have available to you on the internet to learn how to spot a phishing attack and a legitimist email. The Department of Defense offer s a great course on how to spot a phishing email at http://iase.disa.mil/eta/phishing/Phishing/launchPage.htm. A more specific attack is whaling. Blogs.iss.net explains â€Å"The adoption of the term ‘Whaling’ within phishing is fairly new and may have been derived from the use of ‘Whales’ within gambling to refer to big-time gamblers and high rollers, but most likely come from the colloquialism for â€Å"big fish†. Regardless, Whaling describes the most focused type of phishing currently encountered by businesses or government – targeted attacks against groups of high-level executives within a single organization, or executive positions common to multiple organizations (e.g. the CTO or CFO). In a whaling attack, the phisher focuses upon a very small group of senior personnel within an organization and tries to steal their credentials – preferably through the installation of malware that provides back-door functionality and key logging. By focusing upon this small group, the phisher can invest more time in the attack and finely tune his message to achieve the highest likelihood of success. Note that these messages need not be limited to email. Some scams have relied upon regular postage systems to deliver infected media – for example, a CD supposedly containing evaluation software from a known supplier to the CIO, but containing a hidden malware installer.† So if you’re not a high level employee, you’re probably wondering how this is important to you. How phishers go about their scam is by obtaining little bits of what some would consider being harmless information from other employees about level executives and projects going on in the company. They start at the bottom to get more information at the top. So in all actuality it very much concerns everyone in the company. This leads me in to my last but important area of cyber security: insider threat. Frankly, that is you. Every employee is potentially an insider threat. So let me define it a little better with some help from searchsecurity.techtarget.com. â€Å"An insider threat is a malicious hacker (also called a cracker or a black hat) who is an employee or officer of a business, institution, or agency. The term can also apply to an outside person who poses as an employee or officer by obtaining false credentials. The cracker obtains access to the computer systems or networks of the enterprise, and then conducts activities intended to cause harm to the enterprise. Insider threats are often disgruntled employees or ex-employees who believe that the business, institution, or agency has â€Å"done them wrong† and feel justified in gaining revenge. The malicious activity usually occurs in four steps or phases. First, the cracker gains entry to the system or network. Secondly, the cracker investigates the nature of the system or network in order to learn where the vulnerable points are and where the most damage can be caused with the least effort. Thirdly, the cracker sets up a workstation from which the nefarious activity can be conducted. Finally, the actual destructive activity takes place. The damage caused by an insider threat can take many forms, including the introduction of viruses, worms, or Trojan horses; the theft of information or corporate secrets; the theft of money; the corruption or deletion of data; the altering of data to produce inconvenience or false criminal evidence; and the theft of the identities of specific individua ls in the enterprise. Protection against the insider threat involves measures similar to those recommended for Internet users, such as the use of multiple spyware scanning programs, anti-virus programs, firewalls, and a rigorous data backup and archiving routine.† It could also be an employee giving away what you would consider to be harmless information like an email address, a project you are working on at work, how many people you work with, or even where you work and the location of the building. Even with some of the best antivirus software, a stellar knowledge of phishing, and an elite cyber security system, an insider threat can penetrate that because they most the time have the credentials to log it to the system and pull resources ligitimently so it would go unnoticed. So how can you help protect you network or your company’s network from an insider threat? Simply, don’t be one. Always be sure to only give information that the other person is on the same level to receive. Secondly is to educate yourself on insider threat prevention. There is a plethora of resources to do just that. A helpful one is http://www.ussecurityawareness.org/highres/insider-threat.html. Also watch for signs of curious activity with co workers. Report any evidence or suspicions to your supervisor. So in conclusion, prevention starts with you. Buy up to date antivirus software. avoid risky sites, educate yourself on what a phishing attack looks like, know what a legitimate email is, don’t be an insider threat and educate yourself about things to look for from other co workers. Cyber security is a serious threat and is a major issue that needs to be taken seriously. It is not just something for the IT department to worry about but starts with every one making sure to take the appropriate security measures to make the cyber world more secure.

Polo Ralph Lauren Performance Measurement

Notes on the slides. Agenda – Our agenda follows exactly the guideline that was given to us in order to carry out this assignment. The Company – Short overview of the firm. The Fashion Industry – It is based mainly on intangible assets, rather than capital or knowledge-intensive assets.Moreover, nowadays fashion companies are less affected by the problem of seasonality: indeed they experience sales that are pretty much stable over the year; in spite of this, PRL experiences different levels of sales in the different quarters, due mainly to wholesales shipments and in coincidence with holiday periods. Industry Analysis – We used the Five Forces Model to assess the characteristics of the industry in which PRL competes in.The fashion industry is a very competitive one, rivalry among firms is high: some competitors are bigger than PRL, so they also have more resources, but still PRL is a pretty strong name and the company has a large customer base. The threat of new entrants is low because there are strong incumbents, brand loyalty in the high-price segment is high and access to suppliers and distributors is limited.Even though PRL has a high brand recognition which makes end customers less price sensitive, the bargaining power of the buyers is high as the direct customers of the firm are mainly large department stores (and the gist of the company’s revenues comes from the wholesale sector). The threat of substitutes is moderate as loyal customers tend to buy only from them but in general people may vary their purchases and also buy from the competitors.For what concerns the suppliers, it’s important to specify that PRL does not manufacture its products itself, but instead relies on licensees and other manufacturers to do so. Its suppliers are therefore manufacturers which supply the company with the finished goods. The bargaining power of suppliers is moderate: as the company doesn’t actually manufacture anything th at it sells under his brand, it has to rely pretty much on manufacturers and licensees; high quality suppliers are few and there’s high competition among high-quality firms to find such reliable manufacturers.On the other hand though, PRL produces in many different countries, mainly outside the US, thus working with many different suppliers, and this lowers the suppliers’ strength in bargaining. In total they have 350 manufacturers, with none of them providing more than 8% of total production. Internal and External Factors – In order to get a better understanding of the competitive environment from the firm’s perspective as well as of firm-specific resources and capabilities, we conducted a SWOT analysis.The company has successfully grown and expanded its range of product lines and brands, as well as his presence in the international market. One of its main strengths is the brand: it inspires a precise lifestyle and virtually everybody knows it: this high brand awareness and recognition, as stated above, make the end consumer less sensitive to the price. They decided to leverage on their strong brand in order to increase the profitability of the business and expand it by further diversifying the range of product offerings and apparel brands, which are divided into Polo brands and Collection brands (the most expensive).The firm manages to have high margins on its various brands, especially in the Collection brands. They also have no problem in accessing the end consumers as their presence is considerably high, thanks to what they call â€Å"multiple channel distribution†: this means that they have both their own stores and sell to third parties such as department stores, specialty stores and factory stores.Their major weakness is the high dependence on department stores: as stated above, their revenues depend highly on this form of retail store, especially in the US and Canada (their biggest market, we will see that from a pie chart later): they have little influence on what the department stores buy and offer to their customers, no influence on the way the merchandise is displayed and in general no creative control over the marketing.Department stores may exercise pressure on the firm to obtain merchandise at lower prices (in order to increase their own margin). Moreover, fashion firms compete for the floor space in the department stores, and the company stated in its Annual Report of 2009 that there may be competitors with greater resources which could therefore represent a threat to them under this point of view.Other weaknesses are that PRL depends on manufacturers for what concerns the quality of its products (they have to implement strict quality checks) and they have no direct control over the licensing partners: they don’t get the full revenues from sales, they can’t manage the retail stores directly and a consequence of this is that they cannot get direct feedback from customers an d cannot respond to market trends since they’re not the ones who actually sell the finished goods.They face many opportunities: the Asian market is growing, especially China’s; they may expand their presence in prestigious sport tournaments in order to further promote their brand; moreover, we think it’s of fundamental importance that they expand their e-commerce by selling online also in Europe and Asia, and not only in the United States as it is now: their web-site has the great potential to increase their sales. They could also expand their range of product offerings and develop private labels in collaboration with department stores, as the latter are creating private labels themselves and this threatens PRL’s shelf space.Thus this could be a good solution in order to decrease the likelihood of seeing their space reduced. As this document is supposed to be just an explanation of some points that might not be clearly explained in the slides, we won†™t go through all of the weaknesses, but we cite the worrying fact that the major department stores in US are undergoing a wave of M&A, and the consequence of this will be a higher â€Å"customer† power (because the number of customers will be lower). We will add more to this subject when we will talk about one of the main organizational tensions: Reliance on department stores.The 4 Ps of Strategy – Strategy as a Plan: unfortunately the company doesn’t provide any quantitative indicator of success or specific time frames for their main objectives. They only talk more specifically about their plan to transform their wholesale and retail businesses in Southeast Asia from a licensed to a wholly owned operation in January 1, 2010. Balancing Tensions – This slide describes the five major tensions every company needs to balance in order to implement a performance measurement and control system effectively.Revenue Sources – Assessing their revenue distr ibution among segments and geographical regions, we see that two tensions already emerge: their dependence on the wholesale segment (as mentioned before) and the fact that revenues are not evenly distributed among countries. Specifically, we see that Japan only makes up 8% of total revenues. Financial Data – This slide shows a comparison between PRL’s and PVH’s most important financial indicators of performance.We chose PVH because some of PVH’s fashion companies compete directly with PRL (like Calvin Klein) and also because it’s one of the few peers of PRL that has public financial statements. Besides the fact that revenues are distributed unevenly among segments and regions, the financial data does not show any other indicators of tensions. Main Organizational Tensions – We have identified four tensions, which should be taken into consideration when implementing a performance measurement system.The first tension is Revenue goals for the As ia- Pacific region: when comparing PRL’s market share in Asia to the market share of its main competitors, we see that it has just 3% of the market share compared, for example, to the 60% market share of LVMH, a group that owns fashion brands such as Luis Vuitton and Marc Jacobs. The second chart shows that PRL generates small amount of its total revenue from Asia, while for example Hermes, which is a lot smaller than PRL comparing total revenues, manages to generate over 40% of their revenues in Asia.The high reliance on department store (second tension) is also negative because, as the chart shows, such retail stores are doing pretty badly, with their net income decreasing at a fast rate. If they have financial problems they would probably reduce their purchases and the likelihood of bad debt for PRL increases. The other two tensions are exhaustively addressed in the slides. How PRL Should Address These Problems – PRL should create its own Balanced Scorecard, and her e we explain why we think it’s the right performance measurement tool to use.The Balanced Scorecard – The Balanced Scorecard’s objectives address the main tensions that we identified in the company as well as provide guidance for future success. This strategic management tool anyways should be in line with the other performance measurement and control systems that the company implements. Control System – It is worth mentioning that we didn’t find any precise information about the performance measurement and control systems currently employed at PRL. Reading the Annual Report of 2009 we only found out that the company focuses on quality processes as well as licensee supervision.In addition, we believe that they should implement a control system for the wholesale segment (monitoring trends in consolidation and reacting to them, supervision of the department store’s financial situation etc. ) and for the Asia – Pacific market (benchmarki ng: how do competitors perform, adoption of best practice processes and strategies). Conclusion – With our Balanced Scorecard and the new control systems in place, we believe that PRL will be able to achieve its main goals and operate successfully in the next years.

How to Write a Linguistics Essay A Step-by-Step Guide

How to Write a Linguistics Essay A Step-by-Step Guide What Is a Linguistics Essay? First of all, an essay writer should establish the main principles of the academic paper for Linguistics. A writer has two variants of the situation development. First, one is familiar with the concepts because of involvement in the field, and an essay is one of the many similar assignments in a Linguistics class. Second, it is necessary to understand that college student is a fledgling writer that is not only new to the date of the investigation but to the sphere of academic writing as well. The type does not matter, Linguistics essay needs a certain level of education and understanding. As Linguistics is a precise science, the essay should be centered on the accurate facts and involvement of the specific terminology of the discipline. Further, such an essay may concentrate on various branches of the field such as phonology, phonetics, vocabulary studies, grammar, syntax, translation, and many others. Also, as the type of academic writing is an essay, it may not involve research with finding evidence and proofing the specific findings. In fact, in contact with research papers. Linguistics essay writing can be in the form of discussion, reflection, a summary of a particular work or a small investigation of the specific phonological phenomena. Finally, the writer should be ready that some branches of Linguistics such as phonetics, require the unique font for expression of transcription symbols, for instance, and the presence of such is essential for this type of paper. Before the Writing There are specific pre-writing tips for any essay. First, it is needed to establish a plan for the writing as an outline with making the flow of the paper more natural. In fact, the mentioned plan requires such elements as deciding the primary audience of the essay, arguments, possible questions for consideration and discussion, and the number of sources for the argumentation support. Moreover, all the aspects mentioned above help to set the mood for the linguistics essay and convey the specific opinion. Also, the writer should remember the nature of linguistics, and as was mentioned before, it is precise. Thus, such an essay would have to include a theoretical framework along with ordinary academic writing to convey more professional look for future writing. In addition, linguistics is the science that may demonstrate certain phenomena with the help of specific symbols that do not have representation in the ordinary set of the alphabet of the English languages. Further, the writer can show the work of some of the linguistic features in the appendices after the paper or integrate those (with the help of tables) in the middle of the article after the explanation and evidence. Topic Choice As was mentioned before, there is a particular division of Linguistics on the subdisciplines. Thus, the choice of topics opens an array of different variants for an essay. In fact, if there is a necessity to summarize some work, it is possible to discuss the development of some phenomena throughout history or own reflection of the opinion of the specific linguistic trait and choose an area of Linguistics first. It is evident that text should be about a particular area of investigation. Among the spheres of Linguistics are phonetics, morphology, syntax, semantics, and other side directions. Further, the topics should be specific and do not generalize the research theme. Here are some examples of the topics to learn how to construct a comprehensive title: Investigation of the Accents’ Differences in the English Language; Compounding as the Modern Strategy for Extension of the Vocabulary; Comparison of Old, Middle, and Modern Periods of Development of the English Language; Hypotheses of Languages Evolution; Effects of Dialects and Accents on the Perception of a Non-native Speaker; The Contrast of British and American Slang; Phonological Features of English Slang; The Use of Complex Predicate Constructions; Linguistics Theories Describing the Purpose of Communication; The Combination of Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication; Influence of French and Latin Borrowings on Enriching the English Lexicon. Also, it is important to include examples of poorly constructed topics to demonstrate the general type of titles that should be avoided: Why is Linguistics important? What is a Noun? Why Slang Exists? Phonetics as a Branch of Linguistics Planning and Outlining As was mentioned before, a student has to consider some essential elements of every essay before starting the actual writing. First of all, a writer must establish the primary arguments of the paper or the point of view that one should prove or present evidence for. Also, the essay question is the second essential phenomenon that needs the answer in the flow of the paper. Further, keep in mind that the structure of the documents is the factor that helps to concentrate the attention of the potential audience and ensure that a reader receives author’s point of view and understand the evidence. Furthermore, the essential elements for consideration are the establishment of the mentioned audience. Thus, if an essay is designed for peers and fellow linguistics, there will be no problems in keeping the natural vocabulary of the paper. However, if the article is for the evaluation, an author will have to elevate the skills of the academic presentation regarding the enriching the lexicon of the document with the linguistics terminology. Moreover, the credible sources and reliable evidence will be the determinant factors for professors to leave the high mark for such linguistics assignment. Finally, after consideration of the points above, the approximate outline for the essay would look like this: Decide what the purpose audience is; Establish primary arguments, evidence, and essay question; Find credible sources to ensure the trustworthiness of the research; Outline the structure of the paper; Proofread after writing. Finally, the structure of the essay needs to meet specific parameters as well. First of all, the number of paragraphs should be equal with the one of supporting claims for the primary arguments plus introduction with the conclusion. Also, do not forget about the existence of such standards such as topic sentences, the quantity of text for one paragraph, and the place of citations in the text. The Structure Any Linguistics essay should meet particular requirements. First of all, the composition should start with the introduction where the writer must mention the primary arguments, purpose, audience, and end it with a debatable thesis statement that a paper can prove with evidence and research. Second, the main body consists of supportive claims and every paragraph should have topic sentences, evidence, and final thoughts. Finally, the conclusion is the ending part where a writer restates thesis and the main points of the whole essay along with providing the base for the further discussion or considerations of an issue for future studies. Thus, if a student misses one detail from the conventional structure of the academic essay, the one cannot be considered the comprehensive one; that can result in the loss of points for the final mark. Introduction The introduction is the essential part of every essay because it is the first paragraph that a reader sees. Thus, the relevance of opening takes the first place for a writer because it can attract the attention for further reading and avert it at the same time. The poorly constructed introductory paragraph without the proper attention-getter will discourage the primary audience of the document from evaluating the future content and believing the evidence for the essay arguments. Further, the introduction guides a reader through the course of the paper with the help of a few sentences in the beginning. In fact, the keywords in the starting paragraph help to focus the attention of the potential audience on the most critical issues of the writing. For instance, the introduction may include the aspects that convey the purpose of one or another language phenomenon of demonstrating the fundamental factor of the science. As the example of what not to do, a student should remember not to include in the introduction the statements that have no actual connection to the topic of the paper. The sole purpose of such sentences is to fill the gap and help the writer to meet the necessary word count. Also, general ideas disrupt the whole attitude of a reader towards the further content because the audience involved in the actual science of Linguistics does not need answers to questions why it is important and about the definitions of some phenomena. Thesis Statement: Hot Tips from Our Experts The place for the proper thesis statement is the last sentence of the introductory paragraph. Also, the thesis demonstrates the essence of the essay and shows a reader the mini-outline for further writing. Thus, it is understandable after the mentioned arguments, that the mission of a thesis statement is the most crucial one in the most critical part of the paper. Further, the proper thesis needs to be narrow such as the topic and debatable for getting the attention of the audience. The debatable opinion is the one that may be controversial that forces the audience to read further. Further, there are examples of poorly constructed thesis statements that only show the simplicity of the further essay and revolve the attention: Linguistics is important because it investigates that languages people speak; Slang will be the future language; Periods of English language development have differences and similarities. In contrast, the following examples represent the thesis statements that can grab the attention and boost the further discussion: The investigation of accents helps to understand the origins of the sources that inspire the process of the language evolution. The difference between the American and English slang starts in the Middle period of language development with the help of noun and verb transformations. Body Paragraphs The primary aspects of the construction of a body paragraph were mentioned above. The inclusion of such elements as topic sentences, evidence, and a conclusion is obligatory for meeting the academic standards and conveying the logical flow of ideas. Also, the number of paragraphs is determined by one of the supporting points because it would improve the readability of the whole paper. Moreover, the writer should remember the four-full-lines-and-three-sentences standard that every academic paper requires. Finally, do not put the sentences with citations in the beginning and end of the paragraphs because the one cannot start or end with evidence from the sources. Conclusion The primary mission of the last paragraph is to summarize the main points of the whole paper. Thus, the conclusion should include, a restatement of the thesis, summary of the supporting points, and the claims that may hint on the future research or implementation of some idea from the document in the actual science field. Finally, do not include any new information in the concluding paragraph as it hurts the finalizing of the essay. Sources Many sources can help in the construction of the essay as the gild of investigation is broad and does not lack relevant evidence. In fact, the Internet has plenty of databases with journal articles, independent studies, and books that can help prove a point in the writing. Some of the mentioned bases of knowledge are specialized websites such as: The Linguist List Electronic Journals in Linguistics Some sources do not have the linguistics specialization, but still they can assist in the search for the credible and relevant information and those are: JSTOR Taylor and Francis Online Referencing The most popular formats that will suffice for the linguistics essay are MLA and APA. The Purdue Owl website is the credible source that has guidelines for the proper citation and referencing in those formats. MLA APA Proofreading Several ways can help to proofread the final paper. First of all, it is possible to ask someone to comment on the logic of the paper’s flow. Also, several websites on the Internet assists with this types of service. Grammarly can help fix the grammar, punctuation, and style mistakes and Small SEO Tools can check the document for any possible facts of plagiarism.

IUPAC Atomic Weights of the Elements List

IUPAC Atomic Weights of the Elements List This is the 2013 list of atomic weights of the elements in increasing atomic number, as accepted by the IUPAC. The table is based on the Standard Atomic Weights Revised v2 (Sept 24,2013). The list includes the 2013  changes to the atomic weights of 19 elements: arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, cesium, cobalt, fluorine, gold, holmium, manganese, molybdenum, niobium, phosphorus, praseodymium, scandium,  selenium, thorium, thulium and yttrium. These values remain current until the IUPAC sees the need to revise them. Values given by the [a;b] notation highlights the range of atomic weights for the element. For these elements, the atomic weight is dependent on the physical and chemical history of the element. The interval reflects the minimum (a) and the maximum (b) values for the element.Values given in chevron brackets (e.g., Fm 257) are the mass numbers of the longest-lived isotope of elements that do not have stable nuclides. However, atomic weights are provided for Th, Pa, and U because these elements have a characteristic abundance in the earths crust. For detailed element facts, consult the  Periodic Table  for individual elements. Atomic Number - Symbol - Name - Atomic Weight 1   H   - Hydrogen - [1.007 84; 1.008 11]2   He - Helium - 4.002 602(2)3   Li - Lithium - [6.938; 6.997]4   Be - Beryllium - 9.012 1831(5)5   B   - Boron - [10.806; 10.821]6   C   - Carbon - [12.0096; 12.0116]7   N   - Nitrogen - [14.006 43; 14.007 28]8   O   - Oxygen - [15.999 03; 15.999 77]9   F   - Fluorine - 18.998 403 163(6)10 Ne - Neon - 20.1797(6)11 Na - Sodium - 22.989 769 28(2)12 Mg - Magnesium - [24.304, 24.307]13 Al - Aluminium - 26.981 5385(7)14 Si - Silicon - [28.084; 28.086]15 P   - Phosphorus - 30.973 761 998(5)16 S   - Sulfur - [32.059; 32.076]17 Cl - Chlorine - [35.446; 35.457]18 Ar - Argon - 39.948(1)19 K   - Potassium - 39.0983(1)20 Ca - Calcium - 40.078(4)21 Sc - Scandium - 44.955 908(5)22 Ti - Titanium - 47.867(1)23 V   - Vanadium - 50.9415(1)24 Cr - Chromium - 51.9961(6)25 Mn - Manganese - 54.938 044(3)26 Fe - Iron - 55.845(2)27 Co - Cobalt - 58.933 194(4)28 Ni - Nickel 58.6934(4)29 Cu - Copper - 63.546(3)30 Zn - Zinc - 65.3 8(2)31 Ga - Gallium - 69.723(1)32 Ge - Germanium - 72.630(8)33 As - Arsenic - 74.921 595(6)34 Se - Selenium - 78.971(8)35 Br - Bromine - [79.901, 79.907]36 Kr - Krypton - 83.798(2)37 Rb - Rubidium - 85.4678(3)38 Sr - Strontium - 87.62(1)39 Y   - Yttrium - 88.905 84(2)40 Zr - Zirconium - 91.224(2)41 Nb - Niobium - 92.906 37(2)42 Mo - Molybdenum - 95.95(1)43 Tc - Technetium - 9844 Ru - Ruthenium - 101.07(2)45 Rh - Rhodium - 102.905 50(2)46 Pd - Palladium - 106.42(1)47 Ag - Silver - 107.8682(2)48 Cd - Cadmium - 112.414(4)49 In - Indium - 114.818(1)50 Sn - Tin - 118.710(7)51 Sb - Antimony - 121.760(1)52 Te - Tellurium - 127.60(3)53 I   - Iodine - 126.904 47(3)54 Xe - Xenon - 131.293(6)55 Cs - Cesium - 132.905 451 96(6)56 Ba - Barium - 137.327(7)57 La - Lanthanum - 138.905 47(7)58 Ce - Cerium - 140.116(1)59 Pr - Praseodymium - 140.907 66(2)60 Nd - Neodymium - 144.242(3)61 Pm - Promethium - 14562 Sm - Samarium - 150.36(2)63 Eu - Europium - 151.964(1)64 Gd - Gadolinium - 157.25(3)65 Tb - Terbium - 158.925 35(2)66 Dy - Dysprosium - 162.500(1)67 Ho - Holmium - 164.930 33(2)68 Er - Erbium - 167.259(3)69 Tm - Thulium - 168.934 22(2)70 Yb - Ytterbium - 173.054(5)71 Lu - Lutetium - 174.9668(1)72 Hf - Hafnium - 178.49(2)73 Ta - Tantalum - 180.947 88(2)74 W - Tungsten - 183.84(1)75 Re - Rhenium - 186.207(1)76 Os - Osmium - 190.23(3)77 Ir - Iridium - 192.217(3)78 Pt - Platinum - 195.084(9)79 Au - Gold - 196.966 569(5)80 Hg - Mercury - 200.592(3)81 Tl - Thallium - [204.382; 204.385]82 Pb - Lead - 207.2(1)83 Bi - Bismuth - 208.980 40(1)84 Po - Polonium - 20985 At - Astatine - 21086 Rn - Radon - 22287 Fr - Francium - 22388 Ra - Radium - 22689 Ac - Actinium - 22790 Th - Thorium - 232.037 7(4)91 Pa - Protactinium - 231.035 88(2)92 U   - Uranium - 238.028 91(3)93 Np - Neptunium - 23794 Pu - Plutonium - 24495 Am - Americium - 24396 Cm - Curium - 24797 Bk - Berkelium - 24798 Cf - Californium - 25199 Es - Einsteinium - 252100 Fm - Fermium - 257101 Md - Mendelevium - 258102 No - Nobelium - 259103 Lr - Lawrencium - 262104 Rf - Rutherfordium - 267105 Db - Dubnium - 268106 Sg - Seaborgium - 271107 Bh - Bohrium - 272108 Hs - Hassium - 270109 Mt - Meitnerium - 276110 Ds - Darmstadtium - 281111 Rg - Roentgenium - 280112 Cn - Copernicium - 285113 Uut - Ununtrium - 284114 Fl - Flerovium - 289115 Uup - Ununpentium - 288116 Lv - Livermorium - 293118 Uuo - Ununoctium - 294

Provide a critical discussion of the growing trend to practice Essay

Provide a critical discussion of the growing trend to practice coaching in the workplace - Essay Example Evidently, certain crucial factors have eventually made the modern organisations to feel the urge of focusing on the formation and development of effective coaching practices. In this regard, the factors comprise increased level of globalisation, gaining momentum of internationalisation, prevalence of extreme level of business market competition and an expanded adoption of pioneering technological advancements. It is worth mentioning in this regards that the organisations of this present day context tend to form an effectual coaching culture, which can enable them in strategy formation as well as execution through advancements in strategic alignments and robustness towards the attainment of predetermined business targets (Clutterbuck and Megginson, 2005, p. 4). With this concern, the essay intends to provide a critical discussion about the growing trend of practicing workplace coaching within various organisations. Various important aspects that include the conception of workplace coaching, the conduct of coaching in 21st century workplaces and practical illustrations of this practice would be taken into concern in the discussion. According to the report published by CIPD (2013), the conception of coaching is fundamentally described as a â€Å"development technique based on the use of one-to-one discussions to enhance an individual’s skills, knowledge or work performance† (CIPD, 2013, p. 1). Observably, in workplaces, coaching tends to focus upon developing the individual skills along with the knowledge of the organisational members, which in turn, imposes extensive impacts on their personal attributes emphasising confidence or social interaction amid them (Somers, 2006, p. 9-15). The prime facets of workplace coaching within diverse organisational settings are viewed as a non-directive developmental form of individual learning as well as knowledge, enhancing work performance along with advancing individuals’ skills

Boutique Designers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Boutique Designers - Essay Example "Charles Eames was the first architect to be totally at home with technology. He used technology with an artist's flair", particularly, he with wife Ray Eames 'developed a new method to bend plywood into complex curves over three geometric lanes" (Dezine Holdings Ltd). From 1900-1909, the name Charless Rennie Mackintosh, Josef Hoffman and Frank Lloyd Wright have surfaced with the introduction of Ingram Chair, Hill House Chair and Willow Chair (Dezine Holdings Ltd). In the middle of the century, notable designers like "Eameses, Gio Ponti, Harry Bertoia, Arne Jaconsen and Eero Saarinen led the way in the modernist organic style" as the public went for "warmer and softer furnitures, organic forms, warmer products like timber and upholstered chairs" (Dezine Holdings Ltd). In the 70's to 80's, industrialization has brought forth changes in designers' thoughts. Particularly, "the industrial style or Hi Tech movement developed" and there were great advances in "office furniture and equipment" (Dezine Holdings Ltd). At the closing of the century, the designers pursued "meaning and purpose for their furniture designs" with the exploration of some strange and unusual forms such as the W.W Stool by Phillip Starck (Dezine Holdings Ltd). Karim Rashid is one of the sought-after and bankable interior designers of the modern generation. A half English and half Egyptian, Karim Rashid "was born into an art family" with his father an abstract painter, his brother Hany Rashid "a computer-based organic architecture" and his sister a musician (http://www.rashidglobal.net). It was his father that them art and design (http://www.rashidglobal.net). Rashid, therefore has a strong art influence. "Karim Rashid pursued graduate design studies in Naples, Italy, with ettore sottsass and others, then moved to Milan for one year at the Rodolfo Bonetto studio" (Designboom). He went solo in 1993 and opened his design practice in New York. It is in New York where he designs products for companies such as namb, issey miyake, pure design, fasem, guzzini, tommy hilfiger, sony, zanotta, citibank, and others" (Designboom). Rashid's works were highly praised by Design Awards Bodies. In 2007, he won the title for the Cooper Hewitt National Design Awards Product Design Finalist, "in 2006 with an Honorary Doctorate from the Ontario College of Art and Design, in 2005 with an Honorary Doctorate from Corcoran College, the Sleep05 European Hotel Design Award, and the 2005 Pratt Legends Award. Karim has also won the prestigious I.D. Magazine Annual Design Review, Red Dot Design Award, and Chicago Athaneum Good Design Award numerous times throughout his career" (http://www.rashidglobal.net). Because of his modern and innovative designs, he holds an associate professorial position and is a "frequent guest lecturer at universities and conferences" on industrial design (http://www.rashidglobal.net). Concepts and Works Rashid boasts of "over 3000 designs in production, over 300 awards and working in over 35 countries" (Karim Rashid Inc.) "Like an omnipresent vibrant spirit, he creates and utilizes a global feeling. He is an example of synchronicity in permanent movement. In him, work and person meld, inseparably subjective, manically productive and sensitive" (Karim Rashid I

ECONOMICS FOR BUSINESS Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

ECONOMICS FOR BUSINESS - Coursework Example While these were being implemented, their application had to be prioritised so that the government would offer what was socially and economically healthy to the citizens. These policies were to be implemented to improve the supply side structure of the economy and, therefore, touched on the firms, markets and industries. In this, the government aimed at improving the efficiency of firms, its productivity efficiency and effectiveness as it argued that much of the things that made the country to lag behind were caused by micro economic factors and not majorly from the external environment. The government minimised the distortions that apply in the market so that it remains competitive and productive and have a more efficient allocation of resources. This locative efficiency has allowed the resources to flow to areas where they are used more efficiently. The tariff protections have been removed from the industries which are inefficient. This has allowed the diversion of resources to areas which are more productive and, therefore, increasing the output. The government has subsidised the costs of importation of the new technology in a bid to increase the efficiency in production with minimum costs. This has been the case as the technically efficient industries have had reduced use of resources of which has helped to shift them to other areas of the economy. The reduction of government regulations helped the producers to venture into new markets and to respond quickly to the changing patterns in the economy and demands that come with it. This has set up the pace for the introduction of new technologies and inventions as well as bringing about competition that is fit for the structural changes. The government adopted the trade practices act that is meant to reduce competition through the collusive prices. This has also enabled new firms to enter the market and compete with the already existing firms. The government has removed the rigid regulations which used to control the market movements and has left the flow of the market been regulated by the demand and supply forces. The deregulations included the floatation of the dollar plus the removal of the control of RBA on the banks. These deregulations extended to the transport and telecommunication industries. This led to greater efficiency and productivity in these sectors, which was reflected in the whole economy. These were highlighted in the national economic reform policy which dated back to 1995. The government set up policies to ensure corporatisation and privatisation. This has brought about structural changes in the government business enterprises and has, therefore, ended up working independently from the governmen t eradicating political interference in their working. Industries like Qantas and Telstra have been privatised to be more competitive. The government carried out reforms in the labour market, where there arose a

How Global Capitalism Creates Economic Zones

How Global Capitalism Creates Economic Zones Requirement question: According to dependence theory, how does the global capitalist system create distinctive economic zones in the world? What is the effect on the states? DEPENDENCE THEORY: HOW GLOBAL CAPITALIST SYSTEM CREATE DISTINCTIVE ECONOMIC ZONES AND. A theory according to the Oxford dictionaries it is defined as a system of ideas intended to explain something supposition. (Oxyford Dictionaries) It is a set of interrelated concepts trying to explain a phenomenon. Dependence theory is a body of knowledge/perception composed of different works from different contributors. They have varying definitions of dependence theory. However, there are three common features to these definitions which most dependency-theorist share. The first character is that they view the world in two sets of states, the dominant verses dependent or center verses periphery or metropolitan verses satellite. The center/metropolitan/dominant are the developed, industrialized nations/states/countries in the (OECD) Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development while the periphery/satellite/dependent are the third world countries with low per capital also refered to as the undeveloped or developing nations/states. (Ferraro, 2008) Second, they portray a view that there are external forces such International commodity markets, foreign assistance, and other means that are utilized by the industrialized countries to represent and push for their economic interest abroad. These are usually unfair to the third world countries in one way or the other. (Ferraro, 2008) Thirdly, these theorists indicate that the relations between the dominant states and the dependent nations not only do they intensify unequal patterns between the states but also they reinforce unequal patterns and these relationships are dynamic. Moreover, dependency is a very deep-seated historical process rooted in the internationalization of capitalism. (Ferraro, 2008) The dependency theorists attempts to explain the state of being undeveloped of the third world countries by examining the patterns of interactions arguing that inequality among the nations comes from within or. (Ferraro, 2008) The theorist to this theory holds that international capitalism is the driving force behind dependency relationships the spread of the contemporary world system. (Robbins, 2010) They explain poverty and slow or no know development among other problems faced by third world countries as having their roots or arising from the global capitalist systems. (Angotti 1981, pp. 124-125; Jackson Soensen 2010, p.207). (Ball, 2012) The dependent/periphery states supply raw materials such as minerals, agricultural commodities and labor at a cheap price to the industrialized countries due to the established relationship. The dependent countries also provide market for the manufactured goods, which are sold at high prices, market for the obsolescent technologies and surplus capital for the developed countries. The economy of the dependent states due to this is oriented towards the outside looking up for goods, services, and money to flow from the developed states to them. Unfortunately, for them the allocation of these resources is determined by the industrialized/dominant states and their economic interest (Ferraro, 2008) The spread of the capitalist world system has been accompanied by the creation of distinctive patterns of social relations, ways of viewing the world, patterns of health and disease, relationships to the environment and so on. (Robbins, 2010) How global capitalist system create distinctive economic zones People from the third world countries/dependent/periphery/satellite states are not responsible for the developmental failures of their societies, a view of the neo-Marxist dependency theory. Andre Gunder Frank one of the leading theorists of dependency theory lack of development in these dependent states is because the Developed nations have deliberately undeveloped them. Some of the ways Western nations under develop the third world countries include: Global capitalism- according to Frank argues there exists a global system of capitalism. In this system the developed nations exploits the dependent nations/the periphery. The dependent states are The periphery is kept in a state of dependency and under development kept in an undeveloped state to continue providing cheap raw materials and labour to the developing countries. Historically this relationship of exploitation and dependency occurred through slave trade and colonization and today though aids given by the developed states to the dependency state, multinational companies practices and through international trading systems which the West dominates (revisionworld) Historical exploitation-slavery and colonialism- Frank points out that the trade in slavery earned big profits to both the slave traders and the plantation owners who utilized this source of cheap labour in the18th century. These countries super accumulated capital from this and the capital was invested in industrial revolution and consequently helped kick-start industrial development. According to Paul Harrison, by use of military technology Europe conquered and colonized many states around the world in the 18th century. The colonies were exploited for law materials for their industries, cheap food and cheap labor. Some of the land used traditionally for growing food was turned to production of cash crops for export while in other places new farms were created. (revisionworld) Contemporary exploitation- this is exploitation through international trade. The way world trade is organized today is a legacy of colonialism. Though most of the countries achieved their political independent their economies still is based on exporting cash crop and raw material to the Developed countries and are over-dependent on either one or two products therefore any over production or fall in Western demand of the products can be detrimental to the country’s economy. The Western nations further limit the export earnings of dependency states by setting the prices for many of their products and setting tariffs and quotas, also through taxation of especially manufactured products which limits products entering the First World (revisionworld) Neo colonialism- new forms of colonization is emerging where at the forefront of this Neo-colonialism are the multinational companies (MNCs). These MNCs exploits the dependency states for cheap raw materials, cheap labour and new markets in search for profits. Official aid- official aids have become another source neo-colonialism. These official aids in form of loans, weapons, medicines and human expertise flows from the developed states to the dependent countries. They create a good pathway of exploitation through imposition of requirements to qualify for the business. Most loans to the Third World involve interest. However, economies grow too slowly and long-term development projects such as irrigation schemes, dams, etc. can be slow to generate the predicted income or may fail. In the meantime, the interest builds up and can eventually outstrip the initial loan. (revisionworld) The effects of global capitalism on the states Global capitalism has created a huge economic zone between the third world countries and the developed countries. Some of the major/common effects of global capitalism on the third world states include. Increase in poverty level, hunger and starvation- capitalism has lead to increase in poverty level in third world countries while the first world countries grow richer and richer. Increased conflicts- capitalism has lead to increase in conflicts between ethnic groups, tribes, countries/states/nations over resources. Deprivation- there is also a lot of deprivation where those in the periphery are deprived essential needs. Social injustice and decline in justice- Robert Reich in his work How Capitalism is Killing Democracy observes that democracy is being snuffed out by the pursuit of profit. (Reich, 2007) Inequality-inequality is increasing almost everywhere in the postindustrial capitalist world due to capitalism. Oppression- the trade tariffs and quotas put in place by the third world countries are oppressive and exploitive to the world in today’s world system driven by capitalism. Exploitation- the third world countries are exploited by the developed countries for cheap labour and resources in return for the obsolete technology of the West. (Economics online) Under-development- capitalism and imperialism are perceived as the major cause of the current underdevelopment in Africa among other third world countries. REFERENCES Ball, J. (2012, 11 12). Dependency and World Systems theories explanation of Chinas rapid economic growth. Just Another Journalism Students blog. Retrieved December 21, 2014, from jessicakball.wordpress.com/2012/11/10/the-correlation-between-dependency-and -underdevelopment-and-dependecy-and world-system-theories-explanation-of-chinas-rapid-economic-growth/ Economics online. (n.d.). Dependecy theory. Retrieved December 22, 2014, from Economics Online: www.economicsonline.co.uk/Global_economics/Dependecy_theory.html Ferraro, V. (2008). Dependency Theory: An Introduction. (G. Secondi, Ed.) The Development Economics Reader, 58-64. Retrieved December 21, 2014, from https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/depend.htm Martin, P. (2014, July 25). Capitalism and Global Poverty. Retrieved December 22, 2014, from Global Poverty: www.globalresearch.ca/capitalism-and-global-poverty-two bilion-poor-one-billion-hungry/5393262 Muller, J. Z. (2013, March/April). Capitalism and Inequality. Retrieved December 22, 2014, from Foreign Affairs: m.foreignaffairs.com/articles/138844/jerry-z-muller/capitalism-and-inequality Oxyford Dictionaries. (n.d.). theory. Retrieved December 21, 2014, from Oxford Dictionaries : www.oxforddictionaries.com/defination/english/theory Reich, R. B. (2007, September 05). Robert Reich: How Capitalism is Killing Democracy. Retrieved December 22, 2014, from Economists View: economistsview.typepad.com/economistsview/2007/09/robert-reich-ho.html revisionworld. (n.d.). Dependecy theory. Retrieved December 22, 2014, from revisionworld: revisionworld.com/a2-level-level-revision/sociology/world sociology/sociological expanation-development-under- developments/dependancy theory Robbins, R. H. (2010). Global Problems and the Culture of capitalism (5th ed.). New York: Allyn Bacon Publishing, inc. Retrieved December 21, 2014, from faculty.plattaburgh.edu/richard.robbins/legacy/book_plan.html The Socialist Party of Great Britain. (n.d.). Africa and the reality of capitalism. Retrieved December 22, 2014, from The Socialist Party of Great Britain: www.worldsocialism.org/spgb/education/depth-article/global-economy/africa-and-reality-capitalism